Minimizing link layer discovery based on advertising access technology parameters in a multimode mesh network

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, a method comprises establishing, by a first network device in a mesh network, a first connection with a second network device according to a prescribed discovery operation of a first link layer access protocol; advertising via the first connection, by the first network device to the second network device, link layer parameters used by the first network device to establish a second connection according to a second link layer access protocol; and the first network device minimizing a corresponding discovery operation of the second link layer access protocol during establishment of the second connection with the second network device, based on the link layer parameters advertised by the first network device to the second network device.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to establishing connections ofrespective access technologies using link layer discovery in a multimodemesh network, for example an Internet of Things (IoT) network having oneor more network devices having more than one link layer interface.

BACKGROUND

This section describes approaches that could be employed, but are notnecessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or employed.Hence, unless explicitly specified otherwise, any approaches describedin this section are not prior art to the claims in this application, andany approaches described in this section are not admitted to be priorart by inclusion in this section.

A multimode mesh network is a mesh network having one or more networkdevices (“nodes”) that can support more than one link layer interface.For example, a node in a mesh network may support one or morephysical/link layer interfaces operating under different prescribed linklayer access protocols such as IEEE802.15.4 (g/e/ . . . ), IEEE802.15.1(Bluetooth), Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiFi-Direct, LTE-Direct, WiFi,and/or and Power Line Communication (PLC, IEEE1901). A network device inan IoT network can be implemented as a temperature sensor, a smartmeter, a video surveillance camera, an actuator device on a robot,and/or a physical controller switch, etc. Each link layer accessprotocol specifies a prescribed discovery operation comprising asequence of operations that need to be performed to enable a networkdevice to acquire and establish a communication link with anothernetwork device according to a prescribed access technology, for examplechannel discovery and negotiation, time slot synchronization, frameboundary alignment, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference is made to the attached drawings, wherein elements having thesame reference numeral designations represent like elements throughoutand wherein:

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an example mesh network having one or moreapparatus for advertising, via a first connection established accordingto a first link layer access protocol, link layer parameters used tominimize prescribed discovery operations during establishment of asecond connection according to second link layer access protocol,according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example implementation of any of the apparatus ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method of an apparatus advertising linklayer parameters for a second link layer access protocol, and minimizingdiscovery operations during establishment of a connection based on thelink layer parameters of the second link layer access protocol,according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates minimizing discovery operations according torespective link layer access protocols, based on advertisement ofrespective link layer parameters, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates example link layer parameters that can be advertisedto minimize or bypass a corresponding discovery operation of a linklayer access protocol, according to an example embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS Overview

In one embodiment, a method comprises establishing, by a first networkdevice in a mesh network, a first connection with a second networkdevice according to a prescribed discovery operation of a first linklayer access protocol; advertising via the first connection, by thefirst network device to the second network device, link layer parametersused by the first network device to establish a second connectionaccording to a second link layer access protocol; and the first networkdevice minimizing a corresponding discovery operation of the second linklayer access protocol during establishment of the second connection withthe second network device, based on the link layer parameters advertisedby the first network device to the second network device.

In another embodiment, an apparatus comprises a first device interfacecircuit, a second circuit, and a second device interface circuit. Thefirst device interface circuit is configured for establishing, in a meshnetwork, a first connection with a network device according to aprescribed discovery operation of a first link layer access protocol.The second circuit is configured for outputting to the network device,via the first connection established by the first device interfacecircuit, an advertisement specifying link layer parameters used by theapparatus to establish a second connection according to a second linklayer access protocol. The second device interface circuit is configuredfor minimizing a corresponding discovery operation of the second linklayer access protocol during establishment of the second connection withthe network device, based on the link layer parameters specified in theadvertisement.

In another embodiment, logic is encoded in one or more non-transitorytangible media for execution by a machine and when executed by themachine operable for: establishing, by a first network device in a meshnetwork, a first connection with a second network device according to aprescribed discovery operation of a first link layer access protocol;advertising via the first connection, by the first network device to thesecond network device, link layer parameters used by the first networkdevice to establish a second connection according to a second link layeraccess protocol; and the first network device minimizing a correspondingdiscovery operation of the second link layer access protocol duringestablishment of the second connection with the second network device,based on the link layer parameters advertised by the first networkdevice to the second network device.

In another embodiment, a method comprises: establishing, by a firstnetwork device in a mesh network, a first connection with a secondnetwork device according to a prescribed discovery operation of a firstlink layer access protocol; receiving via the first connection, by thefirst network device from the second network device, link layerparameters used by the second network device to establish a secondconnection according to a second link layer access protocol; and thefirst network device bypassing at least a portion of a correspondingdiscovery operation of the second link layer access protocol duringestablishment of the second connection with the second network device,based on applying the link layer parameters advertised by the secondnetwork device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Particular embodiments enable a first network device to minimize linklayer discovery operations of a prescribed link layer access protocolused to establish a connection using a first access technology, based onhaving previously advertised the link layer parameters used by the firstnetwork device to establish the connection according to the prescribedlink layer access protocol. Each access technology requires a networkdevice to implement specific parameters in order to establish aconnection according to the access technology, since the values of thespecific parameters are not fixed or static, a link layer accessprotocol is required to enable peer network devices to “exchange”information to establish a connection between the peer network devices.

Existing link layer access protocols employ a corresponding discoveryoperation that requires a second network device to learn, in aprescribed sequence, the link layer parameters employed by a firstnetwork device, for example based on trial-and-error discovery of timingbeacons or probe messages. For example, network devices may be requiredto detect each other by transmitting messages on different wirelesschannels to identify an active channel, negotiation of group ownership(e.g., Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Group Owner (GO) vs. P2P Clients inWiFi-Direct), exchange of security keys (e.g., WiFi Protected Setup(WPS) provisioning), etc.

According to an example embodiment, the advertisement of link layerparameters for a first link layer access protocol (e.g., WiFi-Directparameters) by a first network device on a first connection establishedaccording to a second link layer access protocol (e.g., an IEEE 802.15.4link layer connection) enables a second network device to bypass atleast a portion of the corresponding discovery operation, based onapplying the advertised link layer parameters as a “shortcut” to bypassthe existing discovery operations that normally must be performed forthe second network device to “learn” the link layer parameters.

Hence, a network device can minimize a discovery operation of a linklayer access protocol (e.g., WiFi-Direct) based on advertising itscorresponding link layer parameters via another connection (e.g., via anIEEE 802.15.4 link layer connection or an IP connection overlying thelink layer connection), and enabling another network device to bypass atleast a portion of the corresponding discovery operation using theadvertised link layer parameters.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example multimode meshnetwork 10 having multiple network devices 12, according to an exampleembodiment. Each network device (i.e., apparatus) 12 is a physicalmachine (i.e., a hardware device) configured for implementing networkcommunications with other physical machines 12 via the network 10. Theterm “configured for” or “configured to” as used herein with respect toa specified operation refers to a device and/or machine that isphysically constructed and arranged to perform the specified operation.Hence, the apparatus 12 is a network-enabled machine (e.g., user device,network gateway device, sensor device, actuator device, etc.)implementing network communications via the network 10.

Each of the network devices (N1, N2, . . . N13) 12 can establish a linklayer connection 14 (e.g., 14 a, 14 b, etc.) with one or more othernetwork devices 12 based on executing a prescribed discovery operationof at least one link layer protocol: as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B,the network devices N2, N3, N4, and N5 are single mode-only devices thatoperate only according a first link layer protocol, for example IEEE802.15.4, to establish the IEEE 802.15.4 link layer connections 14 a;the network devices N10 and N11 are single mode-only devices thatoperate according only according to a second link layer protocol, forexample WiFi-Direct, to establish the WiFi-Direct link layer connections14 b; the network devices N1, N6, N7, N8, and N9 are configured asmultimode network devices that can establish an IEEE 802.15.4 link layerconnection 14 a and/or a WiFi-Direct link layer connection 14 b. Any oneof the multimode network devices N1, N6, N7, N8, and N9 can beconfigured to operate either in concurrent mode (i.e., concurrentestablishment of IEEE 802.15.4 link layer connection 14 a and aWiFi-Direct link layer connection 14 b), or non-concurrent mode whereonly one connection 14 a or 14 b is active at any one time.

Hence, the network 10 can include single mode-only devices thatestablish only IEEE 802.15.4 link layer connections 14 a, singlemode-only devices that establish only WiFi-Direct link layer connections14 b, non-concurrent mode multimode network devices that can establishconnections 14 a or 14 b, and/or concurrent mode multimode networkdevices that can concurrently establish and maintain connections 14 aand 14 b. Any one of the network devices 12 also could utilize one ormore of another connection type, for example IEEE802.15.4 (g/e/ . . . ),IEEE802.15.1 (Bluetooth), LTE, LTE-Direct, WiFi, and/or and Power LineCommunication (PLC, IEEE1901).

According to an example embodiment, the multimode network devices N1,N6, N7, N8, and N9 can advertise, via a first connection (e.g., 14 a),link layer parameters for establishing a second connection 14 b based onthe multimode network device (e.g., N8) outputting one or more messages16 specifying the link layer parameters. Hence, a multimode networkdevice (e.g., N9) receiving the message 16 from the sourcing multimodenetwork device (e.g., N8) can bypass at least a portion of acorresponding discovery operation based on applying the received linklayer parameters of the source multimode network device (e.g., N9) toestablish the second connection (e.g., 14 b between N8 and N9). Further,the sourcing multimode network device (e.g., N8) can minimize thecorresponding discovery operation, based on the advertised link layerparameters, based on permitting the peer multimode network device (e.g.,N9) to bypass the corresponding discovery operation.

Consequently, the multimode network devices N1, N6, N7, N8, and N9 canestablish second connections according to a second link layer accessprotocol (e.g., 14 b), following initial establishment of firstconnections according to first link layer access protocol (e.g., 14 a),without the transition delay normally associated with shutting down thephysical layer transceiver (PHY) circuit configured for providing thefirst connection (e.g., 14 a) (for non-concurrent devices), initiatingthe second PHY circuit configured for establishing the second connection(e.g., 14 b), and executing the prescribed discovery operation in itsentirety before establishing the second connection.

As described in further detail below, the link layer parameters can betransmitted in the message 16 in various forms, for example within apayload of a link layer packet 16 a, an Internet Protocol (IP) basedpacket such as a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG)Information Object (DIO) 16 b according to the Request for Comments(RFC) 6550, a Destination Advertisement Object (DAO) 16 c according toRFC 6550, or a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) message(described in FIG. 3).

FIG. 2 illustrates an example implementation of any one of the devices12, of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment. Each apparatus 12 caninclude a device interface circuit 20, a processor circuit 22, and amemory circuit 24. The device interface circuit 20 can include one ormore distinct physical layer transceivers 26 for communication with anyone of the other devices 12; for example, the single mode-only devicesN2, N3, N4, and N5 can include an IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver 26 a, andthe single mode-only devices N10 and N11 can include a WiFi-Directtransceiver 26 b. The multimode network devices N1, N6, N7, N8, and N9can include both PHY transceivers 26 a and 26 b, plus additional mediaaccess control (MAC) layer circuitry 28 for storing and applying linklayer parameters for the different transceivers 26 a and 26 b receivedfrom one or more advertisement messages 16.

The device interface circuit 20 also can include different PHYtransceivers, as appropriate, for establishing connections using variousaccess technologies such as IEEE802.15.4 (g/e/ . . . ), IEEE802.15.1(Bluetooth), LTE, LTE-Direct, WiFi, and/or and Power Line Communication(PLC, IEEE1901), etc. via respective access protocols.

The processor circuit 22 can be configured for executing any of theoperations described herein, and the memory circuit 24 can be configuredfor storing any data or data packets as described herein, including thelink layer parameters received by any message 16.

Any of the disclosed circuits of the devices 12 (including the deviceinterface circuit 20, the processor circuit 22, the memory circuit 24,and their associated components) can be implemented in multiple forms.Example implementations of the disclosed circuits include hardware logicthat is implemented in a logic array such as a programmable logic array(PLA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or by mask programming ofintegrated circuits such as an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC). Any of these circuits also can be implemented using asoftware-based executable resource that is executed by a correspondinginternal processor circuit such as a microprocessor circuit (not shown)and implemented using one or more integrated circuits, where executionof executable code stored in an internal memory circuit (e.g., withinthe memory circuit 24) causes the integrated circuit(s) implementing theprocessor circuit to store application state variables in processormemory, creating an executable application resource (e.g., anapplication instance) that performs the operations of the circuit asdescribed herein. Hence, use of the term “circuit” in this specificationrefers to both a hardware-based circuit implemented using one or moreintegrated circuits and that includes logic for performing the describedoperations, or a software-based circuit that includes a processorcircuit (implemented using one or more integrated circuits), theprocessor circuit including a reserved portion of processor memory forstorage of application state data and application variables that aremodified by execution of the executable code by a processor circuit. Thememory circuit 24 can be implemented, for example, using a non-volatilememory such as a programmable read only memory (PROM) or an EPROM,and/or a volatile memory such as a DRAM, etc.

Further, any reference to “outputting a message” or “outputting apacket” (or the like) can be implemented based on creating themessage/packet in the form of a data structure and storing that datastructure in a non-transitory tangible memory medium in the disclosedapparatus (e.g., in a transmit buffer). Any reference to “outputting amessage” or “outputting a packet” (or the like) also can includeelectrically transmitting (e.g., via wired electric current or wirelesselectric field, as appropriate) the message/packet stored in thenon-transitory tangible memory medium to another network node via acommunications medium (e.g., a wired or wireless link, as appropriate)(optical transmission also can be used, as appropriate). Similarly, anyreference to “receiving a message” or “receiving a packet” (or the like)can be implemented based on the disclosed apparatus detecting theelectrical (or optical) transmission of the message/packet on thecommunications medium, and storing the detected transmission as a datastructure in a non-transitory tangible memory medium in the disclosedapparatus (e.g., in a receive buffer). Also note that the memory circuit24 can be implemented dynamically by the processor circuit 22, forexample based on memory address assignment and partitioning executed bythe processor circuit 22.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method of an apparatus advertising linklayer parameters for a second link layer access protocol, and minimizingdiscovery operations during establishment of a connection based on thelink layer parameters of the second link layer access protocol,according to an example embodiment. The operations described withrespect to any of the Figures can be implemented as executable codestored on a computer or machine readable non-transitory tangible storagemedium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, ROM, EEPROM, nonvolatile RAM,CD-ROM, etc.) that are completed based on execution of the code by aprocessor circuit implemented using one or more integrated circuits; theoperations described herein also can be implemented as executable logicthat is encoded in one or more non-transitory tangible media forexecution (e.g., programmable logic arrays or devices, fieldprogrammable gate arrays, programmable array logic, application specificintegrated circuits, etc.).

In addition, the operations described with respect to any of the Figurescan be performed in any suitable order, or at least some of theoperations in parallel. Execution of the operations as described hereinis by way of illustration only; as such, the operations do notnecessarily need to be executed by the machine-based hardware componentsas described herein; to the contrary, other machine-based hardwarecomponents can be used to execute the disclosed operations in anyappropriate order, or at least some of the operations in parallel.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 3, the processor circuit 22 (and/or the MACcircuit 28) can be configured for initiating in operation 30establishment of a link layer connection 14 using one of the PHYtransceivers (e.g., 26 a or 26 b) in the device interface circuit 20.Assuming the network device 12 does not have any link layer parametersof any other network device 12, the first PHY transceiver (e.g., 26 b)in operation 32 can initiate prescribed discovery operations (62 of FIG.4) for a first link layer access protocol (e.g., WiFi-Direct): unlessspecified otherwise, the term “discovery operation” refers to alloperations required for a network device 12 to establish a link layerconnection with another network device 12, including for examplediscovery phase, hierarchy negotiation (e.g., Group Owner (GO)negotiation), secure link provisioning including exchange of securitykeys (e.g., WPS provisioning), etc., up to but not including anyhigher-layer operations (e.g., IP address configuration).

Unless specified otherwise, the term “link layer” refers to anyidentifiable protocol layer (e.g., within the OSI Reference Model) orcombination thereof that is required by a first network device establisha direct (i.e., one hop) data connection with a second network devicefor communicating data at least in one direction toward the secondnetwork device, up to but not including a network layer such as InternetProtocol; hence, parameters associated with a “link layer accessprotocol” can include a combination of physical layer (e.g., OSI layer 1or “PHY” layer) parameters and link layer (e.g., OSI layer 2 or “MAC”layer) parameters, for example in access protocols that combine orintegrate physical layer and link layer operations into a single orintegrated protocol; in contrast, “link layer-only” refers to only theMAC layer (“MAC layer-only”) or only OSI layer 2 (“layer 2-only”).Hence, “link layer” is not limited to “link layer-only”.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the processor circuit 22 (and/or the MACcircuit 28) of a network device 12 a (e.g., “N8” of FIG. 1) and 12 b(e.g., “N9” of FIG. 1) in operation 32 can initiate prescribed discoveryoperations 62 according to a prescribed link layer access protocol, forexample WiFi-Direct, where the PHY transceiver circuit 26 b of eachnetwork device 12 a and 12 b starts a discovery phase 34 based onentering a corresponding search phase 36 a and 36 b comprisingtransmitting a probe request 38 a on RF channel “1”, a probe request 38b on channel “6”, and a probe request 38 c on channel “11”. The PHYtransceiver circuit 26 b of each network 12 a and 12 b initiates alisten phase 40 a and 40 b on a corresponding selected one of thechannels; for example, the network device 12 a can initiate its listenphase 40 a on RF channel “11” and the network device 12 b can initiateits listen phase 40 b on RF channel “6”; however, since the searchphases 36 a and 36 b substantially overlapped each other in time, thenetwork devices 12 a or 12 b did not detect any of the probe requests 38a, 38 b, or 38 c from the peer devices 12 b or 12 a. Hence, sinceneither device 12 a or 12 b detected any of the probe requests 38 a, 38b, or 38 c from the other device in operation 42 of FIG. 3, thediscovery operations (e.g., search phase 36 a, 36 b and listen phases 40a, 40 b) are continued (e.g., repeated) in operation 44 of FIG. 3.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the probe request 38 b transmitted by thedevice 12 a on RF channel “6” is detected at event 46 by the PHY circuit26 b of the network device 12 b, causing the device 12 b to output aprobe response 48 on its listening RF channel “6”. If in operation 50 ofFIG. 3 the first network device 12 a does not detect the probe response48 on the “active channel” (or “listening channel”) used by the secondnetwork device 12 b, the first network device in operation 52 mustcontinue channel scanning in the search phase 36 a and listen phase 40 awithin the discovery phase 34.

Assuming the first network device 12 a in operation 50 detects the proberesponse 48 transmitted by the network device 12 b on RF channel “6”,the first and second network devices 12 a and 12 b can initiate the GOnegotiation phase 54 in operation 56, where each network device 12 a and12 b transmit GO Intent values to determine which device should beidentified as Group Owner based on having the highest relative GO Intentvalue. Following identification of a Group Owner at event 58 of FIG. 4,the devices 12 a and 12 b can initiate the WPS provisioning phase 60,including exchanging of WiFi Protected Access (WPA) keys, in order toestablish a secure WiFi-Direct link 14 b.

Hence, the prescribed discovery operation 62 of the WiFi-Direct protocolincludes the prescribed discovery phase 34, the prescribed GOnegotiation phase 54, and the WPS provisioning phase 60. The prescribeddiscovery operation 62 is completed to establish the secure WiFi-Directlink 14 b before establishing in operation 64 an IP connection overlyingany link layer connection 14, starting for example with a DHCP-based IPaddress configuration 64 in FIG. 4.

According to example embodiments, upon establishing at least a linklayer connection 14 in operation 56, the processor circuit 22 and/or theMAC circuit 28 of a network device 12 can be configured for outputtingin operation 70 of FIG. 3 an advertisement message 16 to an adjacentnetwork device 12, where the advertisement message 16 specifies linklayer parameters used to establish a second link layer connectionaccording to a second link layer access protocol. For example, assumingwith respect to FIG. 1A that the multimode network devices N1, N6, N7,N8, and N9 12 initially established first connections 14 a according toa first link layer access protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4), any one of themultimode network devices N1, N6, N7, N8, and/or N9 (e.g., “N8”) canoutput in operation 70 an advertisement message 16 specifying the linklayer parameters (82 a of FIG. 5) to be used to establish a secondconnection (e.g., 14 b) according to a second link layer access protocol(e.g., WiFi-Direct); the peer network device (e.g., “N7”) 12, inresponse to receiving the advertisement message 16 (e.g., via connection14 a) specifying the WiFi-Direct link layer parameters used by thesourcing network device (“N8”) to establish a second WiFi-Directconnection (e.g., 14 b), can store the associated WiFi-Direct link layerparameters for the sourcing network device (“N8”), enabling the peernetwork device (e.g. “N7”) to bypass at least a portion of theprescribed discovery operation (62 of FIG. 4) during establishment of aWiFi-Direct link 14 b, based on the stored WiFi-Direct link layerparameters.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A and operation 70 of FIG. 3, the advertisementmessage specifying the link layer parameters can be output as a MACpacket 16 a, a DIO message 16 b (e.g., initiated by a DODAG root “N1”),a DAO message 16 c that can be unicast to a prescribed destination suchthe DODAG root “N1” or another network device 12 (e.g., as an IP-based“Discovery” (Disc) message, described below), and/or a CoAP messageaccording to RFC 7252.

Any network device receiving an advertisement message in operation 66 ofFIG. 3 can add in operation 68 any received link layer parameters to itsown advertisement message in operation 68, prior to transmission of theadvertisement message in operation 70. For example, assume that the PHYdevice 26 a of the network device “N7” FIG. 1A in operation 66 receiveson an IEEE 802.15.4 link 14 a a DAO message 16 c specifying the linklayer parameters used by the adjacent network device “N8” forestablishing a WiFi-Direct link 14 b (“N8(WiFi-Direct)”), the networkdevice “N7” in operation 68 can add the link layer parameters“N8(WiFi-Direct)” to its own DAO message 16 c, specifying its own linklayer parameters for establishing a WiFi-Direct Link (“N7(WiFi-Direct)”)and the received link layer parameters “N8(WiFi-Direct)”. The DAOmessage 16 c is output in operation 70 by the network device “N7” viaits IEEE 802.15.4 link 14 a to the network device “N6”, enabling thenetwork device “N6” to determine the link layer parameters“N7(WiFi-Direct)” for establishing in operation 72 and 74 a link 14 bwith the network device “N7”, and the link layer parameters“N8(WiFi-Direct)” for establishing in operation 74 another link 14 bwith the network device “N8”. In particular, the network device “N6” canactivate in operation 72 its second device interface circuit 26 b asneeded, for example based on determining that data traffic needs to besent on another link 14 b due to a determined need, for exampleidentifiable QoS requirements that can be better handled on the otherlink 14 b via the second device interface circuit 26 b. Since thenetwork device “N6” already has stored the link layer parameters“N8(WiFi-Direct)” (e.g., in the MAC layer circuit 28 and/or the memorycircuit 24), the network device “N6” in operation 74 can bypass existingdiscovery operations and apply the stored link layer parameters“N8(WiFi-Direct)” to establish the link layer connection 14 b with thenetwork device “N8”. As described previously, any of the multimodenetwork devices can operate in concurrent mode or non-concurrent modedepending on implementation preference.

Similarly, a DIO message 16 b generated and multicast by the DODAG root“N1” onto its IEEE 802.15.4 links 14 a can specify link layer parameters(82 a of FIG. 5) used by the DODAG root “N1” for establishing aWiFi-Direct link 14 b (“N1(WiFi-Direct)”), enabling the network device“N6” to establish in operation 74 another link 14 b with the networkdevice “N1” (based on the network device “N5” forwarding the DIO message16 b to the network device “N6”). The network device “N6” also can addits own link layer parameters (“N6(WiFi-Direct)”) prior to outputtingthe DIO message 16 b to the attached network device “N7”. Hence, linklayer parameters of different network devices can be aggregated as a DIOmessage 16 b traverses along different hops of a path. It should benoted that “two-way” advertisement is not necessary between networkdevices, rather discovery operations can be minimized based on only oneof the peer devices 12 receiving an advertisement message 16 from a peerdevice.

The example embodiments also can utilize an IP-based “Discovery” (IPDisc) message, illustrated in operation 70, where an advertising networkdevice (e.g., “N8”) can output (unicast or multicast) a modified versionof a DAO message 16 c. According to an example embodiment, an IP Discmessage output by the advertising network device (e.g., “N8”) is amodified version of a DAO message 16 c specifying discovery relatedinformation (including advertised link layer parameters 82 of FIG. 5)and that is destined for a target network device (e.g., “N13” or “N12”)other than the parent (e.g., “N7”) of the advertising network device.The IP Disc message can be unicast based on explicitly specifying thetarget network device; alternately, the IP Disc message can be multicastwith a flag specifying the IP Disc message is to aid in discovery ofaccess technology parameters.

The example embodiments also can limit the scope of aggregating and/orforwarding of the discovery related information as described herein, forexample a limited network distance based on a determined number of hops(e.g., determined heuristically), a limited physical distance based onphysical/geographical location of an advertising network device, and/ortransmission distance (relative to the coverage range of the links 14).

Hence, FIG. 1B illustrates how the multimode network devices N1, N6, N7,N8, and N9, having initially established the network links 14 aaccording to IEEE 802.15.4 link layer access protocol, can establish theWiFi-Direct links 16 b based on bypassing the prescribed discoveryoperation 62 using the advertised link layer parameters (82 a of FIG.5), enabling establishment of the network links 14 b according to areduced discovery operation 80 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 illustrates example link layer parameters 82 that can beadvertised for different access technologies that are implemented usingrespective link layer access protocols, including link layer parameters82 a for Wi-Fi Direct, link layer parameters 82 b for IEEE 802.15.4,and/or link layer parameters 82 c (in addition to 82 b) for IEEE802.15.4e for Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH).

Advertisement of the link layer parameters 82 a enables the reduceddiscovery operations 80 of FIG. 4, including a reduced channel discovery83, a reduced GO negotiation 84, and a reduced WPS provisioning 86. Asillustrated in FIG. 5, the network device 12 b, in response to receivingthe link layer parameters 82 a (e.g., via another connection 14 a), candetermine that: Wi-Fi Direct is supported by the network device 12 a;that network device 12 a uses RF channel “6” as its listening channel;the GO Intent value used by network device 12 a; WPA security keys usedby the network device 12 a; and/or any other network services offered bythe network device 12 a In response, the network device 12 b can bypassthe search phase 36 b by initiating listening on RF channel “6” asidentified in the link layer parameters 82, enabling the immediate proberesponse on RF channel “6” at event 88; the network device 12 b also canbypass the GO negotiation 54 by sending a new GO declaration message 90declaring the network device 12 b as a GO owner (assuming the networkdevice 12 b has a higher GO Intent value than advertised by the networkdevice 12 a in the link layer parameters 82 a), or declaring the networkdevice 12 b as acknowledging the network device 12 a as Group owner(assuming the network device 12 b has a lower GO Intent value thanadvertised by the network device 12 a in the link layer parameters 82a). The network device 12 b also can bypass existing WPS provisioning 60by using shortened WPS provisioning, for example including a copy of theWPA security key claimed by the network device 12 a in any transmittedmessage 90 for authentication purposes, enabling the network device 12 ato send a message 92 acknowledging that extensible authenticationprotocol (EAP) is completed.

FIG. 5 illustrates link layer parameters 82 b that can be advertised bya network device (e.g., “N6”) as used to establish a link layerconnection 14 a according to IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Advertisement ofthe link layer parameters 82 b enables a network device to minimizediscovery operations associated with determining time-synchronized frameboundaries based on beacon intervals, identification of an active periodfor a superframe (i.e., superframe duration), identification of whetherthere is any inactive period following the active period, identificationof a contention access period, identification of any contention freeperiod and any guaranteed time slots allocated to a network device, etc.Example parameters can include: identifying that the network device(e.g., “N6”) supports IEEE 802.15.4; identifying whether Beacon mode orNon-beacon mode is used by the device; Device RF channel number used bythe network device (which can eliminate channel tuning from among the 27available channels); Coordinator Device Identifier for identification ofa beacon source that establishes the boundaries of a 802.15.4 frame;Personal Area Network (PAN) short address used by the network device(e.g., “N6”); Beacon Order (BO) (defining the entire frame duration fora given channel) and Superframe Order (SO) (defining the superframeduration); any number of allocated Guaranteed Time Slots (GTSs); and anidentification of any GTS allocated to the network device (e.g., “N6”).

Hence, in response to receiving an advertisement message 16 specifyingthe link layer parameters 82 b, an network device 12 can bypass existingdiscovery operations based on applying the link layer parameters toinitiate frame boundary alignment, identification of contention accessperiod (CAP) versus contention free period (CFP), etc., without waitingfor reception of two successive beacons (which can take up to 251.65seconds). If an advertisement message 16 also includes TSCH parameters82 c, a network device 12 can determine the time slotted channel hoppingsequence allocated to the advertising network device.

According to example embodiments, discovery operations according to alink layer access protocol can be minimized by bypassing at least aportion thereof using link layer parameters having been received via adifferent connection.

While the example embodiments in the present disclosure have beendescribed in connection with what is presently considered to be the bestmode for carrying out the subject matter specified in the appendedclaims, it is to be understood that the example embodiments are onlyillustrative, and are not to restrict the subject matter specified inthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: establishing, by a firstnetwork device in a mesh network, a first connection with a secondnetwork device according to a prescribed discovery operation of a firstlink layer access protocol; advertising via the first connection, by thefirst network device to the second network device, link layer parametersused by the first network device to establish a second connectionaccording to a second link layer access protocol comprising a prescribedGroup Owner negotiation, the link layer parameters including a GroupOwner parameter used by the first network device during the prescribedGroup Owner negotiation; and the first network device minimizing acorresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol during establishment of the second connection with the secondnetwork device, based on the link layer parameters advertised by thefirst network device to the second network device causing the secondnetwork device to bypass at least the prescribed Group Owner negotiationin the corresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol by applying the Group Owner parameter obtained from the linklayer parameters advertised via the first connection.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: receiving, via a third connectionestablished with a third network device according to the first linklayer access protocol, third link layer parameters used by the thirdnetwork device to establish a connection according to the second linklayer access protocol; the first network device minimizing thecorresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol during establishment of the connection with the third networkdevice, based on the third link layer parameters advertised by the thirdnetwork device.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the advertisingcomprises advertising, via the first connection to the second networkdevice, the third link layer parameters used by the third network deviceto establish the connection according to the second link layer accessprotocol, enabling the second network device and third network device toestablish a connection based on minimizing the discovery operation ofthe second link layer access protocol using the third link layerparameters.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the advertising includesencapsulating the link layer parameters into a payload of a link layerpacket, and transmitting the link layer packet via the first connection.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the advertising includes encapsulatingthe link layer parameters into an Internet Protocol (IP) packet, andtransmitting the IP packet on an IP network connection overlying thefirst connection in an IP based topology.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein the IP packet containing the link layer parameters is output bythe first network device as at least one of a Destination OrientedDirected Acyclic Graph (DODAG) Information Object (DIO), a DestinationAdvertisement Object (DAO), or a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)message.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the link layer parametersadvertised to establish the second connection include at least one ofRadio Frequency (RF) channel used by the first network device toeliminate channel tuning during setup of the second connection, GroupOwner (GO) Intent Value as said Group Owner parameter to bypass theprescribed GO negotiation during setup of the second connection,security keys to bypass key exchange during setup of the secondconnection, or services offered by the first network device to eliminateservice queries during setup of the second connection.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, where the link layers advertised to establish the secondconnection include at least one of Radio Frequency (RF) channel used bythe first network device to eliminate channel tuning during setup of thesecond connection, identifying whether beacon mode or non-beacon mode isused by the first network device, identifying a source of a beacon inbeacon mode, beacon order and superframe order parameters, number ofallocated guaranteed time slots (GTS) within a superframe, oridentification of a GTS allocated to the first network device.
 9. Anapparatus comprising: a first device interface circuit configured forestablishing, in a mesh network, a first connection with a networkdevice according to a prescribed discovery operation of a first linklayer access protocol; a circuit configured for outputting to thenetwork device, via the first connection established by the first deviceinterface circuit, an advertisement specifying link layer parametersused by the apparatus to establish a second connection according to asecond link layer access protocol comprising a prescribed Group Ownernegotiation, the link layer parameters including a Group Owner parameterused by the apparatus during the prescribed Group Owner negotiation; anda second device interface circuit configured for minimizing acorresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol during establishment of the second connection with the networkdevice, based on the link layer parameters specified in theadvertisement causing the network device to bypass at least theprescribed Group Owner negotiation in the corresponding discoveryoperation of the second link layer access protocol by applying the GroupOwner parameter obtained from the link layer parameters advertised viathe first connection.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the firstdevice interface circuit is configure for receiving, via a thirdconnection established with a second network device according to thefirst link layer access protocol, third link layer parameters used bythe second network device to establish a connection according to thesecond link layer access protocol; the second device interface circuitconfigured for minimizing the corresponding discovery operation of thesecond link layer access protocol during establishment of the connectionwith the second network device, based on the third link layer parametersadvertised by the second network device.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10,wherein the circuit is configured for adding to the advertisement, fortransmission via the first device interface circuit, the third linklayer parameters used by the second network device to establish theconnection according to the second link layer access protocol, enablingthe network device and second network device to establish a connectionbased on minimizing the discovery operation of the second link layeraccess protocol using the third link layer parameters.
 12. The apparatusof claim 9, wherein the advertising includes encapsulating the linklayer parameters into a payload of a link layer packet, and transmittingthe link layer packet via the first connection.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 9, wherein the advertising includes encapsulating the link layerparameters into an Internet Protocol (IP) packet, and transmitting theIP packet on an IP network connection overlying the first connection inan IP based topology.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the IPpacket containing the link layer parameters is output by the apparatusas at least one of a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG)Information Object (DIO), a Destination Advertisement Object (DAO), or aConstrained Application Protocol (CoAP) message.
 15. The apparatus ofclaim 9, wherein the link layer parameters advertised to establish thesecond connection include at least one of Radio Frequency (RF) channelused by the apparatus to eliminate channel tuning during setup of thesecond connection, Group Owner (GO) Intent Value as said Group Ownerparamter to bypass the prescribed GO negotiation during setup of thesecond connection, security keys to bypass key exchange during setup ofthe second connection, or services offered by the apparatus to eliminateservice queries during setup of the second connection.
 16. The apparatusof claim 9, where the link layers advertised to establish the secondconnection include at least one of Radio Frequency (RF) channel used bythe apparatus to eliminate channel tuning during setup of the secondconnection, identifying whether beacon mode or non-beacon mode is usedby the apparatus, identifying a source of a beacon in beacon mode,beacon order and superframe order parameters, number of allocatedguaranteed time slots (GTS) within a superframe, or identification of aGTS allocated to the apparatus.
 17. Logic encoded in one or morenon-transitory tangible media for execution by a machine and whenexecuted by the machine operable for: establishing, by a first networkdevice in a mesh network, a first connection with a second networkdevice according to a prescribed discovery operation of a first linklayer access protocol; advertising via the first connection, by thefirst network device to the second network device, link layer parametersused by the first network device to establish a second connectionaccording to a second link layer access protocol comprising a prescribedGroup Owner negotiation, the link layer parameters including a GroupOwner parameter used by the first network device during the prescribedGroup Owner negotiation; and the first network device minimizing acorresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol during establishment of the second connection with the secondnetwork device, based on the link layer parameters advertised by thefirst network device to the second network device causing the secondnetwork device to bypass at least the prescribed Group Owner negotiationin the corresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol by applying the Group Owner parameter obtained from the linklayer parameters advertised via the first connection.
 18. The logic ofclaim 17, further operable for: receiving, via a third connectionestablished with a third network device according to the first linklayer access protocol, third link layer parameters used by the thirdnetwork device to establish a connection according to the second linklayer access protocol; the first network device minimizing thecorresponding discovery operation of the second link layer accessprotocol during establishment of the connection with the third networkdevice, based on the third link layer parameters advertised by the thirdnetwork device.
 19. The logic of claim 17, wherein the advertisingincludes encapsulating the link layer parameters into a payload of alink layer packet, and transmitting the link layer packet via the firstconnection.
 20. The logic of claim 17, wherein the link layer parametersadvertised to establish the second connection include at least one ofRadio Frequency (RF) channel used by the first network device toeliminate channel tuning during setup of the second connection, GroupOwner (GO) Intent Value as said Group Owner parameter to bypass theprescribed GO negotiation during setup of the second connection,security keys to bypass key exchange during setup of the secondconnection, or services offered by the first network devices toeliminate service queries during setup of the second connection.